Naming of the GIOVE satellites
Galileo, the European satellite navigation system, is named after the famous Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), paying tribute to his achievements not only in the field of astronomy but also navigation. GIOVE also has a strong link with both the renowned astronomer and with early navigation techniques.
In 1610, as one of the first to turn his telescope to the sky, Galileo Galilei discovered four of the moons of the planet Jupiter. These were later named Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. Galileo realised that the movements of these four natural satellites, whose eclipses are frequent and visible, provided a clock whose face could be seen from every point on the Earth.
Tables describing the motion of the first four Jovian moons to be discovered were used to determine longitude both at sea and on land. Galileo's method of determining longitude by observing the eclipses of Jovian moons heralded a revolution in navigation, geodesy and cartography in the 17th and 18th centuries.
GIOVE stands for 'Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element' and also refers to Jupiter, being the Italian name for the planet. Ms Karla Peijs, then the Dutch Minister of Transport, Public Works & Water Management, announced the choice of name in November 2005, during a visit to ESA's European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) in Noordwijk (The Netherlands). The naming ceremony was part of a media event during which
GIOVE-A was launched on 28 December 2005 and transmitted its first signals on 12 January 2006. The spacecraft remains in service, although it has reached the end of its two-year design life.
GIOVE-B is now at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, where preparations are being made for it to be lifted into orbit by a Starsem Soyuz/Fregat launcher. The launch is scheduled for 00:16:02 CEST/Paris on 26 April (04:16 UTC+6/Baikonur, 22:16 UTC [26 April]).
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