Carbon fibre stretches from comet to machine tools

Right now, the rods in question are on a collision course with a comet – literally.

In 2014 ESA’s Rosetta spacecraft will end a decade-long chase through space by catching up with Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko.

It will orbit the comet and release its Philae lander to anchor itself to the icy surface.

Carbon-fibre rods guarantee safe landing

To ensure a safe landing, the lander’s legs are made of lightweight carbon fibre rods.

Designed by Schütze, a German company in Braunschweig, these rods are six times lighter than steel, but can be made up to 50% stiffer.

These 'sandwich rods' have a lightweight, rigid foam core wrapped in carbon fibre and coated with thin fibreglass.

“No mould is necessary, making the production of tailored rod dimensions feasible,” said director Rainer Schütze. As well as the lander legs, the folding antenna and frame of Rosetta are also based on the lightweight rods.

“The carbon fibre sandwich rods combine high strength and stiffness with very low weight,” added Mr Schütze.

Thanks to ESA’s Technology Transfer Programme, the rods’ special qualities are also improving products here on Earth.

Better cuts and customisation

ESA’s technology broker MST Aerospace in Germany put Mr Schütze in touch with Trumpf Sachsen, a German machine tool manufacturer.

“Probably the cooperation would not have taken place without MST making the connection,” explained Mr Schütze.

Trumpf was looking for ways to improve laser cutting machines that make extremely precise, extremely complex shapes out of large sheets of metal. One common use is for electric motors, which can stack hundreds of thin metal sheets together.

Rather than building a stamping die for the specified shape, Trumpf’s laser machine can precisely cut each panel to fit, then start immediately on an entirely new shape.

“When you do it right, it’s a very, very smooth cut,” said Christian Koerber, Head of New Business Development at Trumpf.

The flexible nature of laser cutting opens up the possibility of offering customised solutions – prohibitively difficult, time-consuming and costly with the previous stamping methods.

Inside the machine, two laser cutting heads are fixed to a crossbar that together weigh 620 kg but move extremely quickly. To make the precision cuts needed, the laser beams are required to stop and turn in less than the blink of an eye. There’s no room for error.

“We need to have a precision of a few micrometres,” Mr Koerber added – a micrometre is smaller than a typical bacterium. “If the machine stops, it needs to stop exactly where we programmed it to.”

Once ESA brought the two companies together, Schütze’s carbon fibre sandwich rods proved an ideal added ingredient to Trumpf laser machines.

By mounting the laser cutting heads on the light but stiff rods, their machines are able to make the exact cuts needed, while accelerating and decelerating quickly.

With ESA’s help, Trumpf should have as much success landing new contracts as the Rosetta mission promises to have landing on a speeding comet deep in space.

ESA’s Technology Transfer Programme Office (TTPO)

The TTPO’s main mission is to facilitate the use of space technology and space systems for non-space applications and to demonstrate the benefit of the European space programme to European citizens.

The office is responsible for defining the overall approach and strategy for the transfer of space technologies, including the incubation of start-up companies and their funding. For more information, please contact:

ESA’s Technology Transfer Programme Office
European Space Agency
Keplerlaan 1
2200 AG, Noordwijk
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 71 565 6208
Email: ttp@esa.int