Thomas Reiter works with the Cognitive Cardiovascular experiment in 2006

The domain of physiology in human spaceflight covers a fairly wide range of subjects, much of which contributes to the understanding of the human organism in general, whether living on Earth or in weightless or low-gravity space.

The human physiology subjects supported by ESA's space research endeavours are listed below, and further elaborated on by looking at the full stories.

• Musculo-skeletal system : Bone and Muscle loss
• Cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary systems
• Pulmonary Function
• Neuro-sensory system, orientation and equilibrium, motion sickness
• Sleep & circadian rhythm
• Nutrition
• Biological effects of radiation
• Other regulation systems: Endocrine, Immune and fluid/blood regulation systems