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International Space Station (ISS)

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ESA / About Us / ECSL - European Centre for Space Law

Documents
Workshops and conferences
Books
Articles
Other useful readings
Useful links

Documents

European Users Guide for Law Gravity Platforms
UIC-ESA-UM-0001 Issue 2 Revision 0

International Space Station Users Guide

U.S. Law: “Enactment of Title 51: National and Commercial Space Programs” (see Subtitle VII, Chapter 709: International Space Station)
U.S. Public Law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010

Code of Conduct for the International Space Station Crew (2000)

Disciplinary Policy for International Space Station (ISS) Crew (2000)

“Intellectual Property and the International Space Station: Creation, Transfer and Ownership and Protection”, prepared by the Office of the General Counsel of NASA (1999)

Intellectual Property and the International Space Station: Creation, Transfer and Ownership and Protection”, prepared by the Office of the General Counsel of NASA (1999)

NASA/ KPMG LLP Report: “NASA: Commerce and the International Space Station” (1999)

UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office Explanatory Memorandum on the Intergovernmental Agreement Concerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space Station (1999)

Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) (1998)

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between NASA and ESA concerning cooperation on the Civil International Space Station (1998)

MoU between NASA and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) (1998)

MoU between NASA and the Russian Space Agency (1998)

MoU between NASA and the Government of Japan concerning cooperation on the Civil International Space Station (1998)

Interim Agreement between the United States and Russia for the Conduct of Activities Leading to Russian Partnership in the Detailed Design, Development, Operation and Utilization of the Permanently Manned Civil Space Station (1994, entered into force in 1995)

Protocol of Discussion between NASA and the Russian Space Agency(1993)

Implementing Agreement between NASA and the Russian Space Agency on Human Space Flight (1992, entered into force in 1993)

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between NASA and ESA on cooperation in the design and development of the Space Station Freedom (1988)

Workshops and conferences

International Institute of Air and Space Law (ECSL NPOC)-E.M. Meijers Institute at Leiden University-ESA/ESTEC Symposium: “Legal Aspects of Commercial Utilisation of the International Space Station: A Dutch Example”
ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 26 March 2004

Report (ECSL Newsletter, N. 27, 2004, p. 10)

Institute of Air and Space Law/DLR Workshop: “Project 2001 – Workshop on International Space Station”
Berlin, Germany, 8-9 June 2000.

International Symposium: “International Space Station: The Next Space Marketplace”
Strasbourg, France, 26-28 May 1999

International Colloquium: “Space Stations: Legal Aspects of Scientific and Commercial Use in a Framework of Transatlantic Cooperation”
Hamburg, Germany, 3-4 October 1984

Books

Space Stations and the Law: Selected Legal Issues”
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1986.

G. ASKELL, M. J. RYCROFT
“International Space Station: The Next Space Marketplace: Proceedings of the International Symposium, 26-28 May 1999, Strasbourg, France”
Springer, 2000.

K.-H. BÖCKSTIEGEL
“Space Stations: Legal Aspects of Scientific and Commercial Use in a Framework of Transatlantic Cooperation: Proceedings of an International Colloquium Hamburg, 3-4 October 1984”
Carl Heymanns Verlag, 1985.

F. von der DUNK, M. M. BRUS (eds.)
“The International Space Station: Commercial Utilization from a European Legal Perspective”
Martinus Nijoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2006.

Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.)
“Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”
Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000 (working document with limited distribution).

A. J. YOUNG
“Law and Policy in the Space Stations' Era”
Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988.

Articles

A. M. BALSANO, J. WHEELER
“The IGA and ESA: Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in the Context of ISS Activities”
In F. von der DUNK and M. BRUS (eds.), “The International Space Station: Commercial Utilisation from a European Legal Perspective”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2006.

M. BELINGHERI
“A Policy and Legal Framework for Commercial Utilization”
In F. von der DUNK and M. BRUS (eds.), “The International Space Station: Commercial Utilisation from a European Legal Perspective”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2006.

L. BILLINGS
“ISS Utilization Policy: An Industry Perspective”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 165 (working document with limited distribution).

C. BRUNNER, A. SOUCEK
“Regulating the ISS: An Interdisciplinary Essay”
Acta Astronautica, Vol. 60, Issues 4-7, 2007, pp. 594-598.

M. BRUS, F. von der DUNK
“A European Legal Regime for Commercial Utilization of the International Space Station?”
In F. von der DUNK and M. BRUS (eds.), “The International Space Station: Commercial Utilisation from a European Legal Perspective”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2006.

P. BUETFERING
“Legal Aspects: What a Potential Industrial Customer Expects”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 39 (working document with limited distribution).

S. CORBIN
“ISS Commercialization: Canada’s Path Forward”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 105 (working document with limited distribution).

F. von der DUNK
“Space Law in the Age of the International Space Station”
In A. LUKASZCZYK, N. PETER, L. CODIGNOLA-BO, K.-U. SCHROGL, “Humans in Outer Space: Interdisciplinary Odysseys”, Springer, 2008, pp. 148-61.

F. von der DUNK
“The International Legal Framework for European Activities on Board the ISS”
In F. von der DUNK and M. BRUS (eds.), “The International Space Station: Commercial Utilisation from a European Legal Perspective”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2006.

K. S. EISERMANN
“The ESA Public-Private Partnership Concept and the Microgravity Application Promotion Programme”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 53 (working document with limited distribution).

H. ERSFELD
“Legal Prerequisites of ISS Users: Astrium GmbH”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 221 (working document with limited distribution).

J. M. de FARAMIÑÀN GILBERT
“Spanish Law and the International Space Station”
In F. von der DUNK and M. BRUS (eds.), “The International Space Station: Commercial Utilisation from a European Legal Perspective”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2006, pp.203-218.

J. M. de FARAMIÑÀN GILBERT
“Problemas jurídicos relacionados con la Estación Espacial habitada”
In VITORIA-GASTEIZ, “Cursos de derecho internacional y relaciones internacionales de País Vasco”, Tecnos, 2000, pp. 51-96.

J. M. de FARAMIÑÀN GILBERT
“Concept et qualification juridique de la Station spatial”
In R. A. HARRIS (eds.), “Proceedings of the Third ECSL Colloquium: International Organisations and Space Law: Their Role and Contributions, Perugia, Italy, 6-7 May 1999”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 1999, pp. 317-236.

A. FARAND
“Jurisdiction and Liability Issues in Carrying out Commercial Activities in the International Space Station (ISS) Programme”
In F. von der DUNK and M. BRUS (eds.), “The International Space Station: Commercial Utilisation from a European Legal Perspective”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2006.

A. FARAND
“Astronauts’ Behaviour Onboard the International Space Station: Regulatory Framework”
In “Legal and Ethical Framework for Astronauts in Space Sojourns: Proceedings of the ECSL/ESA/IDEST/UNESCO Symposium, House of UNESCO, Paris, 29 October 2004”, p. 70.

A. FARAND
“Commercialization of International Space Station Utilization: The European Partner’s Viewpoint”
Air and Space Law, Vol. 28, Issue 2, 2003, pp. 83-88.

A. FARAND
“International Space Station Utilization: Current Legal Issues”
In K.-H. BÖCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 387.

A. FARAND
“Legal Aspects of International Space Station Utilization: An European Perspective”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 201 (working document with limited distribution).

A. FARAND
“The Code of Conduct for International Space Station Crews”
ESA Bulletin, N. 105, 2001.

A. FARAND
“Signing of New Agreements on the International Space Station”
ECSL Newsletter, N. 17, 1998.

A. FARAND
“Space Station Cooperation: Recent Developments”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XXII, 1997, p. 441.

A. FARAND
“The Legal Regime Applicable to the Space Station Cooperation: A Canadian Perspective”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XVII, 1992, p. 293.

A. FARAND
“La station spatiale et son régime juridique”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XV, 1990, p. 309.

M. H. FONSECA de SOUZA ROLIM
“USA - Brazil Implementing Arrangement on the International Space Station: Interpretation and Application”
Revista Brasileira de Direito Aeronáutico e Espacial, N. 86, 2003.

M. FUKUSHIMA
“Legal Analysis of the International Space Station (ISS) Programme Using the Concept of “Legalisation”"
Space Policy, Vol. 24, Issue1, 2008, pp. 33-41.

G. GÁL
“International Law and Domestic Laws Governing Commercial Space Activity by Space Stations”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 261 (working document with limited distribution).

S. GAZEY
“The Public-Private Partnership Concept”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 175 (working document with limited distribution).

P. P. C. HAANAPPEL
“A Proposal for a Protocol to the Intergovernmental Agreement on the ISS: Private Law Matters”
In F. von der DUNK and M. BRUS (eds.), “The International Space Station: Commercial Utilisation from a European Legal Perspective”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2006.

V. IAVICOLI
“Italy and the Commercial Utilization of the International Space Station”
In F. von der DUNK and M. BRUS (eds.), “The International Space Station. Commercial Utilisation from a European Legal Perspective”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2006.

N. KOPTEV, V. SUOROV, S. TESELKIN
“Legal Regulation and Technical Regulatory Control for Intended Use of the Russian Segment of the International Space Station”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 241 (working document with limited distribution).

W. LEY
“Technical Aspects of the International Space Station”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 5 (working document with limited distribution).

W. LEY, W. STOFFEL
“Report of the “Project 2001” Working Group on Space Stations”
In K.-H. BÖCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 323.

F. LYALL
“British Law and the International Space Station”
In F. von der DUNK and M. BRUS (eds.), “The International Space Station. Commercial Utilisation from a European Legal Perspective”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2006.

R. MOENTER
“The International Space Station: Legal Framework and Current Status”
Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Vol. 64, 1999, p. 1033.

K.-F. NAGEL
“German Policy with Regard to ISS Utilization”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 137 (working document with limited distribution).

S. A. NEGODA
“Legal Aspects of the Commercial Development of the Russian Segment of the ISS”
Air and Space Law, Vol. 28, Issue 2, 2003, p. 89.

R. OOSTERLINCK
“The Intergovernmental Space Station Agreement and Intellectual Property Rights”
Journal of Space Law, Vol. 17, N. 1, 1989.

W. PEETERS
“Annex to the Working Group [on Space Stations] Report: Utilization Aspects of ISS”
In K.-H. BOCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 365.

W. PEETERS
“Utilization Aspects of ISS”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 31 (working document with limited distribution).

R. SATTLER
“US Commercial Activities aboard the International Space Station”
Air and Space Law, Vol. 28, Issue 2, 2003, pp. 66-82.

T. SGOBBA
“Towards an International Space Station Safety Authority”
In J. N. PELTON, R. S. JAKHU, “Space Safety Regulations and Standards”, Elsevier, 2010, Chapter 22, pp. 275-288.

L. J. SMITH
“Legal Aspects of Commercial Utilization of the International Space Station: A German Perspective”
In F. von der DUNK and M. BRUS (eds.), “The International Space Station. Commercial Utilisation from a European Legal Perspective”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2006.

A. SOUCEK
“Einführung in ausgewählte rechtliche Aspekte der bemannten Raumfahrt mit Schwerpunkt Internationale Raumstation ISS”
In C. BRÜNNER, A. SOUCEK, E. WALTER (eds.), “Raumfahrt und Recht: Faszination Weltraum: Regeln zwischen Himmel und Erde“, Böhlau Verlag, 2007.

E. J. STEPTOE
“Panel Working Group on Space Stations: Remarks”
In K.-H. BOCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 395.

E. J. STEPTOE
“US Commercial Use of ISS Accommodations and Resources”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 65 (working document with limited distribution).

E. J. STEPTOE
“International Space Station Agreements”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 187 (working document with limited distribution).

A. C. SWAN
“Annex to the Working Group [on Space Stations] Report: Competition Policy and the International Space Station”
In K.-H. BOCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 375.

R. P. VELDHUYZEN, T. MASSON-ZWAAN
“ESA Policy and Impending Legal Framework for Commercial Utilization of the European Columbus Laboratory Module of the ISS” In F. von der DUNK and M. BRUS (eds.), “The International Space Station: Commercial Utilisation from a European Legal Perspective”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2006.

H. VÖGE
“Policy with Regard to ISS Utilization”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on the International Space Station, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 2000, p. 147 (working document with limited distribution).

A. YAKOVENKO
“The Intergovernmental Agreement on the International Space Station”
Space Policy, Vol. 15, Issue 2, 1999, pp. 79-86.

G. P. ZHUKOV
“Registration and Jurisdiction Aspects of the International Space Station”
In “Proceedings of the Forty-Second Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 1999”, Vol. 42, pp.18-22.

Other useful readings

L. BUSH
“International Space Station Commercialization Policy”
Technology in Society, Vol. 24, Issues 1-2, 2002, pp. 69-75.

D. H. Da SILVA
“Brazilian Participation in the International Space Station (ISS) Program: Commitment or Bargain Struck?”
Space Policy, Vol. 21, Issue 1, 2005, pp. 55-63.

G. M. LOGSDON
“Commercialising the International Space Station: Current US thinking”
Space Policy, Vol. 14, 1998, pp. 239-246.

Useful links

Canadian Space Agency website on the ISS

Energia website on the ISS

ESA Columbus website

ESA Intellectual Property Rights website on the commercialization of the ISS

ESA International Space Station website

ESA MagISStra Mission website

JAXA website on the ISS

NASA website on the ISS

Space Ref/ISS