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Moon Agreement

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Documents
Workshops and conferences
Books
Articles
Other useful readings
Useful links

Documents

Report of the International Law Association (ILA) New Delhi Conference (2002): “Proposed Amendments to the Moon Agreement” (p. 8, and comments at p. 10); “Implementation of the Common Heritage of Mankind Principle (Christol Proposal)” (p. 13)

Report of the International Law Association (ILA) London Conference (2000): Main conclusions of the Introductory Report of the Special Rapporteur for the 1979 Moon Agreement, F. von der Dunk (p. 6, and comments on the report at p. 16).

General Assembly Resolution: “International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space, including the question of the review of the Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies” (1995)
UN A/RES/49/34

Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 10 December 1982 (1994, entered into force in 1996)

UNCLOS (1982, entered into force in 1994)

UN Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (Moon Agreement) (1979, entered into force in 1984)
UN A/RES/34/68

UN Outer Space Treaty (1967)
UNGA RES 2222 (XXI)

Antarctic Treaty System (1959)

Workshops and conferences

Global Lunar Conference (GLUC 2010)
Beijing, China, 31 May-3 June 2010

IISL/ECSL Space Law Symposium: “30th Anniversary of the “Moon Agreement”: Retrospect and Prospects”
48th Session of the UNCOPUOS Legal Subcommittee, Vienna, Austria, 23 March 2009

Papers and Power Point Presentations

IISL/ECSL Space Law Symposium: “New Developments and the Legal Framework Covering the Exploitation of the Resources of the Moon” 43rd Session of the UNCOPUOS Legal Subcommittee, Vienna, Austria, 29 March 2004

Report

Books

H. W. JR., BASHOR
“The Moon Treaty Paradox”
Xlibris, Philadelphia, 2004.

V. POP
“Who Owns the Moon? - Extraterrestrial Aspects of Land and Mineral Resources Ownership”
Springer, Space Regulations Library Series, 2008, Vol. 4.

F. TRONCHETTI
“The Exploitation of Natural Resources of the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies: A Proposal for a Legal Regime”, Nijhoff, 2008.

Articles

S. AKBAR
“Nouvelle course à la Lune et aux corps célestes: Les défis juridiques de l’exploration et de l’exploitation planétaire”
Revue française de droit aérien et spatial, Vol. 249, N. 1, 2009, pp. 28-45.

E. BACK-IMPALLOMENI, F. von der DUNK, S. HOBE, R. M. RAMIREZ de ARELLANO
“Surreal Estate: Addressing the Issue of “Immovable Property Rights on the Moon””
Space Policy, Vol. 20, 2004, pp. 149-56.

H. BASHOR
“Interpretation of the Moon Treaty: Recourse to Working Papers and Related International Documents”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XXXII, 2007, p. 149.

R. BERKLEY
“Space Law versus Space Utilization: The Inhibition of Private Industry in Outer Space”
Wisconsin International Law Journal, Vol. 15, 1997, p. 421.

C. R. BUXTON
“Property in Outer Space: The Common Heritage of Mankind Principle vs. the “First In Time, First In Right” Rule of Property Law”
Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Vol. 69, N. 4, 2004, pp. 689-707.

R. B. BILDER
“A Legal Regime for the Mining of Helium-3 on the Moon: U.S. Policy Options”
Fordham International Law Journal, Vol. 33, 2010, p. 243.

L. F. CASTILLO ARGANARAS
“The Moon Agreement: An Illusion or a Reality?”
In “Proceedings of the Fifty-Third Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2010” (IAC-10.E7.2.3).

J. CATENA
“Legal Matters Relating to the “Settlement” of “Outposts” on the Moon”
In “Proceedings of the Forty-Seventh Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2004”, Vol. 47, pp. 414-424.

D. N. CHEARBHAILL
“A Place for the Moon Agreement in the General Convention on Space Law”
In “Proceedings of the Forty-Seventh Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2004”, Vol. 47, pp. 284-291.

C. Q. CHRISTOL
“The 1979 Moon Agreement: Where is It Today?” Journal of Space Law, Vol. 27, 1999, p. 1.

K. V. COOK
“Discovery of Lunar Water: An Opportunity to Develop a Workable Moon Treaty”
Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Vol. 11, 1998-1999, p. 647.

G. M. DANILENKO
“The Concept of the “Common Heritage of Mankind” in International Law”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XIII, 1988, p. 247.

R. V. DEKANOZOV
“Forming of the Principle “Common Heritage of Mankind” and the Rules of Customary International Law”
In “Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 1982”.

S. E. DOYLE
“The Moon Treaty after 30 Years: Rationale for a Utilitarian Future”
In “Proceedings of the Fifty-Third Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2010” (IAC-10.E7.2.1).

S. E. DOYLE
“Using Extraterrestrial Resources under the Moon Agreement of 1979”
Journal of Space Law, Vol. 26, 1998, p. 111.

A. DULA
“Free Enterprise and the Proposed Moon Treaty”
Houston Journal of International Law, Vol. 2, N. 3, 1979.

F. von der DUNK
“The Moon Agreement and the Prospect of Commercial Exploitation of Lunar Resources”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XXXII, 2007.

J. M. de FARAMIÑÁN JILBERT
“The Common Heritage of Mankind Principle: The Moon and Lunar Resources”
In “Proceedings of the IISL/ECSL Symposium, 48th Session of the UNCOPUOS Legal Subcommittee, Vienna, Austria, 2009”, 2010, p. 504.

J. FRAKES
“The Common Heritage of Mankind Principle and the Deep Seabed, Outer Space, and Antarctica: Will Developed and Developing Nations Reach a Compromise?”
Wisconsin International Law Journal, Vol. 21, 2003, p. 409.

J. F. GALLOWAY
“Establishing a Natural Resources Regime on the Moon” In “Proceedings of the Fifty-Third Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2010” (IAC-10.E7.2.8).

T. GANGALE
“Myths of the Moon Agreement”
In “Proceedings of the AIAA Space 2008 Conference and Exposition, San Diego, 9-11 September 2008” (AIAA-2008-7715).

B. D. HATCH
“Dividing the Pie in the Sky: the Need for a New Lunar Resources Regime”
Emory International Law Review, Vol. 24, N. 1, 2010, 229-294.

S. HOBE
“The Moon Agreement: Let’s Use the Chance!”
ZLW, Year 2010, Issue 3.

S. HOBE
“Adequacy of the Current Legal and Regulatory Framework Relating to the Extraction and Appropriation of Natural Resources in Outer Space”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XXXII, 2007.

B. M. HOFFSTADT
“Moving the Heavens: Lunar Mining and the “Common Heritage of Mankind”’
UCLA Law Review, Vol. 42, 1994, pp. 575-621.

R. JAKHU
“Twenty Years of the Moon Agreement: Space Law Challenges for Returning to the Moon”
ZLW, Year 2005, Issue 2 - Revista Brasileira de Direito Aeronáutico e Espacial, N. 88, 2005.

A. KERREST
“Exploration, Exploitation, Installation of a Station on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, Lessons Learned from Antarctica”
In G. LAFFERRANDERIE, S. MARCHISIO (eds.), “The Astronauts and Rescue Agreement: Lessons Learned”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 2011.

A. KERREST
“Exploitation of the Resources of the High Sea and Antarctica: Lessons for the Moon?”
In “Proceedings of the IISL/ECSL Space Law Symposium on the Occasion of the 43rd Session of the Legal Subcommittee of the UNCOPUOS: New Developments and the Legal Framework Covering the Exploitation of the Resources of the Moon”, 2004.

V. KOPAL
“International Legal Regime on Outer Space: Outer Space Treaty, Rescue Agreement and the Moon Agreement”
In “Proceedings of the United Nations/Nigeria Workshop on Space Law: Meeting International Responsibility and Addressing Domestic Needs, Abuja, 21-24 November 2005”, United Nations, 2006, p. 8.

P. B. LARSEN
“Application of the Precautionary Principle to the Moon” Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Vol. 71, N. 2, 2006, pp. 295-306.

S. LI
“Some Considerations on Establishing an International Regime on Exploration and Use of the Natural Resources of the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies”
In “Proceedings of the Fifty-Third Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2010” (IAC-E7.2.5).

D. E. MARKO
“A Kindler [sic], Gentle Moon Treaty: A Critical Review of the Current Moon Treaty and a Proposed Alternative” Connecticut Journal of International Law, Vol. 10, n. 1, 1994, p. 1.

T. L. MASSON-ZWAAN
“Lunar Exploration and Exploitation as a Special Case of Planetary Exploration: Legal Issues”
In “Proceedings of the ISRO-IISL Space Law Conference 2005”, Allied Publishers, 2006, p.23-32.

N. MATEESCO-MATTE
“The Moon Agreement: What Future?”
Annuaire français de droit maritime et aérospatial, Vol. XII, 1993, p. 345.

J.-F. MAYENCE
“Some Legal and Factual Considerations about the 1979 UN Moon Agreement”
In “Proceedings of the IISL/ECSL Symposium, 48th Session of the UNCOPUOS Legal Subcommittee, Vienna, Austria, 2009”, 2010, p. 501.

D. A. PORRAS
“The “Common Heritage” of Outer Space: Equal Benefits for Most of Mankind”
California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 37, N. 1, 2006, pp. 143-176.

H. S. RANA
“The “Common Heritage of Mankind” & the Final Frontier: A Revaluation of Values Constituting the International Legal Regime of Outer Space”
Rutgers Law Journal, Vol. 26, 1994, p. 225.

S. J. SHACKELFORD
“The Tragedy of the Common Heritage of Mankind”
Stanford Environmental Law Journal, Vol. 27, 2008, pp. 101-120.

F. TANOGUCHI
“A Consideration on an International Regime of the Moon Agreement”
In “Proceedings of the Fifty-Third Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2010” (IAC-E7.2.10).

C. TUCKER
“How Current International Law Addresses Rights to Use and Exploit Lunar Resources”.
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XXXIV, 2009.

H. TÜRK
“The Negotiation of the Moon Agreement”
In “Proceedings of the IISL/ECSL Symposium, 48th Session of the UNCOPUOS Legal Subcommittee, Vienna, Austria, 2009”, 2010, p. 491.

H. A. WASSENBERGH
‘The International Regulation of an Equitable Utilization of the Natural Outer Space Resources’
In “Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 1996”.

A. WASSER, D. JOBES
“Space Settlements, Property Rights, and International Law: Could a Lunar Settlement Claim the Lunar Real Estate It Needs to Survive”
Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Vol. 73, N. 1, 2008, pp. 37-78.

E. WEEKS
“Tidying up the Moon Treaty Prior to Construction”
In “Proceedings of the Fifty-Third Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2010” (IAC-E7.2.11).

K. WIEWIOROWSKA
“Implications of the Moon Agreement for the Legal Status of Outer Space”
In “Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 1980”, p. 83.

S. M. WILLIAMS
“The Moon Agreement in the Current Scenarios”
In “Proceedings of the Fifty-Third Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2010” (IAC-E7.2.2).

S. M. WILLIAMS
“The Common Heritage of Mankind and the Moon Agreement: Economic Implications and Institutional Arrangements”
In “Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 1981”, p. 87.

L. YAN
“Is Selling Land on the Moon Allowed in China?”
In “Proceedings of the Fifty-Third Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2010” (IAC-E7.2.4).

Other useful readings

“Fertile Moon Feasibility of Extraction of Resources and Toolkit for
In-Situ Lunar Exploration: Team Project Final Report, International Space University, Masters Program 2006”
International Space University, 2006.

B. COOPER, D. SCHRUNK, B. SHARPE, M. THANGAVELU
“The Moon: Resources, Development and Colonization”
John Wiley, New York, 1999.

P. ECKART
“CPSP: The Lunar Base Handbook”
Primis, 2000.

A.L. R. HIGGS
“The Lunar Environmental Assessment Plan (LEAP): A Step towards Protection”
In B. H. FOING, M. PERRY (eds.), “Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon: ICEUM 4, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 10-14 July, 2000”, ESA, 2000, p. 51 (ESA SP-462).

Useful links

BBC on Moon real estate on sale in China by Dennis Hope’s Lunar Embassy (2005)

Lunar Embassy website

Lunar Registry website