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News  New SMOS validation instruments ready for action
With SMOS set to launch in November, preparations for the long-term monitoring and validation of the mission's data are moving ahead as three new purpose-built instruments are now ready to ship to key European validation sites. ESA's Earth Explorer Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission will make observations of soil moisture over Earth's landmasses and salinity over the oceans. Data from the mission will result in global soil moisture maps at least every three days and maps of ocean salinity every thirty days. This will contribute to a better understanding of Earth's water cycle, help improve weather and climate models and also have practical uses in areas such as agriculture and water resource management.
As part of the long-term validation programme three radiometers, called Elbara (L-band radiometer) and built by Gamma Remote Sensing in Switzerland, are about to be shipped to three separate validation sites.
Like the innovative SMOS Microwave Imaging Radiometer using Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), the validation radiometers operate at
These radiometers will be key in validating soil moisture data. The sites they are being shipped to typically display different types of soil and vegetation cover. The instruments will start taking soil moisture measurements this summer.
The third Elbara radiometer will go to a site in Sodankylä in Finland. The site is home to a number of weather, hydrological and environmental monitoring networks and specialised research stations. The area is located in northern Finland, north of the Arctic Circle and it is a good representation of boreal forest and the sub-Arctic environment. This validation site is owned by the Finnish Meteorological Institute's Arctic Research Centre.
The Elbara instruments will be mounted on towers at a height of about 10 m. The instruments include an automated elevation scan system that allows for scene observations under different incidence angles, as well as sky measurements – crucial for the instrument calibration.
Careful consideration was taken in selecting these validation sites with the help of the SMOS Science Advisory Group. The three sites each represent a different but common type of vegetation cover to maximise the efficiency of the validation programme.
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