N° 10–2002: Europe’s environmental eye soars into orbit

Lift-off was witnessed by dozens of cheering engineers, scientists and project members at the launch site and at ESA centres across Europe. Rising into a clear sky, the Ariane 5 propelled the Envisat towards a lofty vantage point some 800 km above the Earth’s surface.

Envisat – the most ambitious Earth observation satellite – follows in the footsteps of ESA’s successful ERS-1 and ERS-2 missions launched in the 1990s. It will boost Europe’s capacity to take part in the study of the Earth and its environment by supporting critical research programmes on global warming and climate change issues, as well as performing crucial tasks such as pollution and disaster monitoring .

After a flawless lift-off, the Ariane 5 placed Envisat into sun-synchronous orbit, allowing ESA ground controllers at the space operations centre in Darmstadt, Germany, to take full control for the first time of the most complex satellite ever built in Europe.

“This has been a particularly exciting day for ESA and the European space community as a whole,” said José Achache, ESA’s Director of Earth Observation. “Europe is taking an important lead in global observations for worldwide environmental needs and Envisat is going to make a significant impact on the future of remote sensing of the Earth”.

“The ten instruments on board Envisat, more than on any other satellite, cover a wide spectrum of phenomena, delivering evidence of the interactions between the atmosphere, the ocean, the polar ice caps, the vegetation as well as human activity at the surface of the Earth. We will be able to trace the smallest changes to the Earth’s surface anywhere on the globe. The importance of this mission has triggered great interest in the Earth-science community, both at a European level and worldwide.”

Commenting from Europe’s spaceport in French Guiana, Jacques Louet, ESA’s Envisat Programme Manager, admitted that there was a certain risk to pack so much know-how into just one satellite. “However, if we want to have a comprehensive understanding, we must follow this path”, he said.

Given its sheer size, Envisat has involved almost all of Europe’s space industries in the development of numerous advanced technologies, particularly for the payload.

Envisat is expected to be declared operational after just a few weeks, once its payload has been checked out and the various data-recovery links set up. Then the satellite’s six-month long commissioning phase will begin, ensuring that the ten instruments are operating as specified and that we can start delivering validated products to our users.

“Now Envisat is in orbit, the culmination of many years’ work really begins and we are looking forward to the environmental benefits the satellite is going to bring to Europe,” added Mr Achache.

The successful launch of Envisat also marked a return to service for the Ariane 5 launcher. It’s upper stage has undergone over 300 tests since last summer, following the failure of flight Ariane 510 to insert two satellites, including ESA’s Artemis, in the correct orbits. However, thanks to ion propulsion, the Artemis mission is turning into a success story, as the satellite is making its way to geostationary orbit, and nominal operations could start this summer.

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Notes to editors:

Built by a consortium of 50 companies led by Astrium, Envisat is the successor to ESA's ERS satellites. With an array of ten instruments to monitor land, oceans, atmosphere and ice, it will provide the most complete set of observations ever achieved, to help scientists understand how changes affect our climate and help answer many questions on the ozone hole, greenhouse gases, El Niño, rain forests and the oceans.

The Envisat satellite is composed of the payload complement and the Polar Platform (PPF) on which the instruments are mounted. Its instruments will observe the Earth from space, primarily addressing four crucial matters - global warming, climate change, ozone depletion and ocean and ice monitoring.

The payload consists of a set of ten instruments:

 

1. ASAR (Advanced Synthetic-Aperture Radar)
2. MERIS (Medium-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer)
3. AATSR (Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer)
4. RA-2 (Radar Altimeter 2) supported by :
   • 4a MWR (Microwave Radiometer)
   • 4b DORIS (Doppler Orbitography and Radio-positioning Integrated by Satellite)
   • 4c LRR (Laser Retro Reflector)
5. MIPAS (Michelson Interferometic Passive Atmospheric Sounder)
6. GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars)
7. SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography)

Envisat is also the first ESA Earth observation satellite to offer dedicated user-community services via the Internet, providing efficient, easier and faster information.