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Hipparcos factsheet
Pinpointing the stars, their motion and distance
Name The name honours a great classical star mapper, Hipparchus the Greek (190-120 BC). Hipparcos is also an acronym for High precision parallax collecting satellite.
Description Hipparcos, a European mission, pinpointed the positions of more than one hundred thousand stars with high precision, and more than one million stars with lesser precision. Hipparcos turned slowly on its axis and repeatedly scanned right around the sky on different slants. It measured angles between widely separated stars, and recorded their brightness, which were often variable from one visit to the next. Each star selected for study was visited about 100 times during four years.
Launch 8 August 1989 (Ariane-4 at Kourou, French Guiana).
Status Completed (1993).
Journey Hipparcos failed to reach its proposed geostationary orbit after failure of one of its booster motors. Following a rethink by its scientists allowing for the new position, further operations proceeded normally.
Notes A thousand million bits of information, radioed from Hipparcos to ground stations in Germany, Australia, and the United States, went into the biggest computation in the history of astronomy.
Hipparcos confirmed Einstein's prediction of the effect of gravity on starlight.
Hipparcos discovered that the Milky Way is changing shape.
Hipparcos data helped predict the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy with Jupiter in 1994.
The mission generated two main catalogues of star data: the Hipparcos catalogue of high-precision measurements of 118218 stars and the Tycho catalogue with measurements, with less precision, of more than 1 million stars. In 2000, the Tycho 2 catalogue, with data for 2.5 million stars, was produced.
Last update: 28 September 2004
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