Outline the deforested area by clicking along the perimeter of the area. To finish make a right click.
The perimeter and the area is shown in the Measure tool window.
Based on the 2000 Landsat image:
How large is the measured deforested area in km2 and ha?
How large a portion is it as a percentage? This should take into account the fact that the whole Forest Reserve area comprises 92,906 ha.
Find and measure other deforested areas and calculate the total deforested area in 2000.
7) Measure the amount of deforestation in 1984.
Open the Kilim432 false colour image or the Kilim 321 natural colour image you constructed and saved above.
Find and measure deforested areas in the Forest Reserve in 1984.
Inspect and describe the Forest Reserve area. Focus on areas without trees.
Measure all deforested areas and calculate the total area in ha.
How large a portion is this as a percentage? Take into account the fact that the whole Forest Reserve area comprises 92 906 ha.
Calculate the difference between 1984 and 2000. Write a small report based on your investigation. Include your constructed colour satellite images together with a table containing your measurements and calculations.
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| Landslide |
Threats to the Forest Reserve
In the United Nations Development Programme (UNEP) study "Aerial Survey of the threats to Mt. Kilimanjaro", scientists in 2000 conducted an extensive survey regarding threats to the area.
The scientists flew over the whole Forest Reserve in a small aircraft and observed and photographed all the impacts on the forest. Using a Global Positioning System (GPS), all their measurements and photographs are georeferenced and transferred to GIS files to be opened and overlayed on satellite images in LEOWorks.
The types of damages and threats to the forest were recorded as follows:
- Logging of indigenous trees: Camphor (Ocotea usambarensis)
- Logging of indigenous trees: Cedar (Juniperus procera)
- Logging of other indigenous tree species
- Burnt forest areas
- Charcoal production
- Forest villages
- Shamba (Taungya) system practices
- Livestock grazing
- Small cultivated fields in the indigenous forest
- Landslides
- Quarries
Logging of indigenous trees: Camphor (Ocotea usambarensis)
The survey recorded recent logging of indigenous trees in the natural forest. Two of the most targeted species were identified separately: camphor (Ocotea usambarensis) and cedar (Juniperus procera). The others are grouped under the category "other indigenous tree species".
Burnt forest areas
The survey recorded 65 burnt indigenous forest areas. The fires had usually taken place some time ago. The majority of these areas were found on the southwestern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro.
Charcoal
Some 125 charcoal kilns were spotted in the natural forest of Mt. Kilimanjaro. All the kilns were located on the southeastern slopes .
Shamba (Taungya) system
Forest plantations in Tanzania have usually been established by allowing local farmers to intersperse annual agricultural crops with tree seedlings in forest plantation areas until the third year of tree growth. By the third year, the young tree canopy casts too much shade for the normal growth of agricultural crops. At this point, farmers move out and are allocated another plot, if available.
This Shamba system is based on the successful experience of establishing teak plantations in Burma (Myanmar) since the middle of the 19th century. It was identified as a means of providing cheap, or even free, labour for establishing forest plantations, contributing to national food production and the creation of rural employment.
