27 December

31 NOLL. 2003 2661

1571: On 27 December 1571, Johannes Kepler was born.

Kepler was a German astronomer who became Tycho Brahe's assistant.

Unlike Brahe, Kepler believed firmly in the Copernican system. Copernicus had correctly placed the Sun at the centre of the Solar System, but had assumed the orbits of the planets to be circles. Kepler provided the final piece of the puzzle: after a long struggle, in which he tried to avoid his eventual conclusion, Kepler was forced to accept that the orbits of the planets were not the circles demanded by Aristotle and assumed by Copernicus, but were instead the 'flattened circles' that we now call 'ellipses'.

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26 December

1624: On 26 December 1624, Simon Marius died.

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31 NOLL. 2003

25 December

2003: On 25 December 2003, ESA's Mars Express entered orbit around Mars.

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24 December

1979: On 24 December 1979, the first Ariane 1 was launched.

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23 December

1973: On 23 December 1973, Gerard Peter Kuiper died.

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