Sensors
The more sophisticated mission gets, the more advanced sensors have to be. Sensors are widely used in every stage of a space mission, at launch, during cruise, insertion into orbit, descent, surface operations, ascent and so forth.
However, while regular sensors (yet with advanced capabilities) can still be used for most of those operations, some are not do-able without breakthrough technology. LIDAR for example is no longer a breakthrough technology on Earth and gets more and more common. However, a potential space use involve a lot of studies and technology maturation that is undertaken within this technology domain.
Click on an activity below to read a summary of the purpose and scope of this activity. Where possible, the final summary report of any completed activities can be obtained here.
ExoMars Specific
Mars Sample Return Specific
Generic Exploration Technologies