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Breath of the dragon: ERS-2 and Envisat reveal impact of economic growth on China's air quality
 
1 September 2005

Air quality monitoring over China
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Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide vertical columns over northeast China as measured by SCIAMACHY on Envisat, averaged between December 2003 and November 2004.

Credits: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen et al.
 
 
GOME
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Average annual changes in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide, as observed by GOME from 1996 to 2002. The gradient obtained from a linear regression of the annual averages of tropospheric GOME NO2 columns, retrieved close to 1030 local time from 1996 to 2002 is shown. Reductions in nitrogen dioxide are observed over Europe and the central East Coast of the United States, while large increases are evident over China.

Credits: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen et al.
 
 
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An optical Envisat view of haze over China, from a MERIS Reduced Resolution mode image acquired 4 October 2004.

Credits: ESA
 
 
Changes
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The temporal evolution of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide columns as measured by GOME for selected areas from 1996 to 2002. The geographical regions of the USA, Central US East Coast, Western Europe, Poland, Japan, East Central China and Hong Kong are represented. The latter two regions show the greatest increase. The error bars represent the estimated uncertainty for a given year.

Credits: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen et al.
 
 
GOME and SCIAMACHY data
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Monthly averages of the tropospheric vertical columns of nitrogen dioxide over East Central China, as measured by GOME and SCIAMACHY from 1996 to 2004. GOME is represented by open symbols and SCIAMACHY data by closed symbols. A plot of the monthly mean of the three-day composite of the tropospheric nitrogen dioxide vertical column versus time is presented for the area. SCIAMACHY nadir measurements started in August 2002 but limited data are currently available prior to February 2003. The shaded areas represent the standard deviation estimated for the monthly mean three-day composite, taking into account the variability of the measurements and data gaps.

Credits: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen et al.
 
 
Envisat - artist's impression
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Envisat is a truly advanced Earth Observation satellite with a unique combination of sensors to vastly improve the range and accuracy of scientific measurements of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice. Its total range of capabilities far exceeds those of any previous or planned Earth Observation satellite.

Credits: ESA - Denman productions
 
 
Europe
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Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide vertical columns over Western Europe as measured by SCIAMACHY on Envisat, averaged between December 2003 and November 2004.

Credits: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen et al.
 
  SCIAMACHY: surveying the world in six days
 
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Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide vertical columns over the continental United States as measured by SCIAMACHY on Envisat, averaged between December 2003 and November 2004.

Credits: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen et al.
 
 
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NatureUniversity of Bremen's Institute of Environmental Physics SCIAMACHY pageDLR SCIAMACHY pageNetherlands Agency for Aerospace ProgrammesBIRA-IASB page on SCIAMACHYMax-Planck Institute for MeteorologyCNRS
 
 
 
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