4 January

31 JOULU. 2003 1778

1958: On 4 January 1958, the Soviet Sputnik I satellite, the first man-made object to orbit Earth, fell back into the atmosphere and disintegrated, after 92 days in space.

Sputnik (meaning 'companion' or 'fellow traveller') was launched from Kazakhstan. The craft circled Earth every 95 minutes at over 40 000 kilometres per hour, 800 kilometres above the planet.

The satellite had transmitted a radio signal picked up around the world, and instrumentation for temperature measurement.

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31 JOULU. 2003

3 January

2002: On 3 January 2002, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope team released an image of strangely glowing dark clouds - known as 'globules' - silhouetted against against the red glow of hydrogen gas and bright stars in a busy star forming region, IC 2944.

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31 JOULU. 2003

2 January

1905: On 2 January 1905, Argentinian astronomer Charles Perrine discovered Elara, then the twelfth of Jupiter's known satellites.

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31 JOULU. 2003

1 January

1995: On 1 January 1995, Finland joined the European Space Agency as a full member.

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31 JOULU. 2003

31 December

1719: On 31 December 1719, John Flamsteed died.

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