One day soon
"10, 9, 8…"You realise that you are holding your breath."7, 6, 5…"Your fists are clenched tight; your nails biting into the palms of your hands."4, 3…"You’ve been working to this ...
12 AOÛT. 2009
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4355
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Monopropellant systems
As the name implies monopropellant rockets do not carry separate fuel and oxidant supplies. Rather the propellant is a single liquid that decomposes to gases either on heating or when it is passed over a catalyst. There are two common monopropellants; hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrazine (N2H4). Hydrogen peroxide decomposes when it comes in to contact with a silver or platinum catalyst mesh (up to 98% concentration is used as a monopropellant):
This produces steam and oxygen at over 600 °C and produces a specific impulse of up to 165 s. Hydrogen peroxide has also been used to power devices as diverse as drag racing cars and torpedoes.
Hydrazine is a more powerful but toxic monopropellant. It decomposes in contact with platinum/iridium metal into ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen by a number of different possible paths:
It does this at a temperature of around 800 °C and can produce a specific impulse of around 200 s.
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The rocket principal
What is it that makes a rocket? In the simplest terms a rocket is a jet propulsion system that relies entirely on momentum exchange from a propellant that is carried ...
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