31 DES. 2003
Utgivelsesdato
2479
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1978: On 9 December 1978, NASA's Pioneer Venus Multiprobe (PVM) entered the atmosphere of Venus.
PVM consisted of a 'bus', a vehicle which carried one large and three small atmospheric probes. The large probe was released on 16 November 1978 and the three small probes on 20 November. All four probes entered the Venus atmosphere on 9 December, followed by the bus.
The Pioneer Venus large probe was equipped with seven science experiments, contained within a sealed spherical pressure vessel.
Each small probe carried a 'nephelometer' (an instrument for measuring or registering the amount of cloudiness) and temperature, pressure and acceleration sensors.
The radio signals from all four probes were also used to characterise the winds, turbulence and propogation in the atmosphere. The probes were each targeted at different parts of the planet.
Mediemodal
7 December
1905: On 7 December 1905, Dutch-American astronomer Gerard P. Kuiper was born in Harenscarpel, the Netherlands.
6 December
1631: On 6 December 1631, the transit of Venus occurred as first predicted by Kepler.
5 December
1973: On 5 December 1973, the US Pioneer 10 spacecraft passed within 130 354 kilometres of Jupiter.
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