The European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe’s gateway to space. Its mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world.
Find out more about space activities in our 23 Member States, and understand how ESA works together with their national agencies, institutions and organisations.
Exploring our Solar System and unlocking the secrets of the Universe
Go to topicProtecting life and infrastructure on Earth and in orbit
Go to topicUsing space to benefit citizens and meet future challenges on Earth
Go to topicMaking space accessible and developing the technologies for the future
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H2O-wetting of soil samples by the detector, causes dissolution of metal superoxides (O2•−) and peroxides (O22−, converted toH2O2 after hydrolysis) and release of O2 in sequential steps 1 and 2 (“oxygen farming” concept). OxR detector’s O2-electrode records the respective plateau reaching released O2 values A and B (corresponding to the released O2 moles, shown in red and blue bold italics to designate their origin from respective reactions 1 and 3). Values A and B are converted to yH2O2 and xO2•− moles by insertion to math equations derived from the stoichiometries of reactions 1 and 3. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which are generated upon soil H2O-wetting, are measured by the fluorescence of 2-OH-TPA (at ex/em 310/420 nm), the product of •OH specific reaction with its non-fluorescent trap terephthalate (TPA).